Bioactivity of Arachis hypogaea Shell Extracts against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Groundnut shells (GSs) are abundant renewable by-products which have been underexploited for potential applications. Therefore, this paper reports the bioactive potential of groundnut shell extracts (GSEs) against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The GSs were ground into powder form and subjected to extraction using ethanol, ethyl acetate, and a mixture of ethanol and ethyl acetate using an electrical shaker for ۶ h and ۱۲ h; and subsequently centrifuged at ۲۰۰۰ rpm for ۲۰ min. The GSEs were then qualitatively screened for phenol, quinone, saponin tannins, and flavonoids using the standard procedures. More so, antibacterial activities of these GSEs against P. aeruginosa (ATCC ۲۹۹۵۳) and S. aureus (ATCC ۲۵۹۲۳) were tested using Agar well diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar (MHA). Therefore, the preliminary phytochemical screening reviewed the presence of saponin, tannin, flavonoid, quinone, and phenol. And the investigation of the antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa demonstrated that S. aeureus was more sensitive to attack by the EtOH derived GSEs; whereas, P. aeruginosa was readily affected by the EtOAc GSEs. Generally, P. aeruginosa was more inhibited by these GSEs even at the lower concentrations of ۲۵ and ۱۲.۵ mg/ mL; especially with the EtOH + EtOAc and EtOAc derived GSEs. EtOH + EtOAc GSE has potential of enhancing these bacterial inhibitions

Keywords:

Sustainable feed-stock , Bioactivity , Staphylococcus aureus , Pseudomonas aeruginosa