An overview of assisted reproductive technology procedures

Infertility is a major issue in the lives of couples who suffer from it and endure a lot of social and psychological pressures. Unfortunately, ۱ to ۶ couples remain in infertile societies and ۱۰% of them need assisted reproductive technology. The birth of Louis Brown in July ۱۹۷۸ with the help of this technology was an important turning point for infertile couples, which is now considered as an important and internationally recognized treatment option. Since then, significant improvements have been made in the knowledge of reproductive biology and biotechnology. The outcome of treatment is not very satisfactory and the average pregnancy rate worldwide is ۳۰-۳۴%. The rate of congenital anomalies and abnormalities is slightly higher than the normal population, which is related to a woman's age and has nothing to do with this treatment. Assisted reproductive techniques include ICSI, IUI, IVF, ZIFT, GIFT, IVM, PGD, PICSI, assisted hatching and embryo cryopreservation. In vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic injection are the most common methods of treating infertile couples and allow artificial insemination outside the body. Indications for IVF include absent fallopian tubes or obstructionof bilateral. Endometriosis, male infertility, secondary infertility, unexplained infertility and genetic diseases leading to miscarriage or abnormal birth. The injection of an immobilized mature sperm into the cytoplasm of a mature metaphase II oocyte is known as intracystoplasmic sperm injection. Indications for ICSI include recurrent failure in IVF, severe oligospermia, severe asthenospermia, sperm obtained by TESE, PESA, TESA methods in obstructive and non-obstructive azoospermia, and frozen sperm. The steps of assisted reproductive techniques include ovulation stimulation, ovarian response assessment, oocyte retrieval, sperm preparation, IVF / ICSI, and embryo transfer.

Keywords:

ICSI , IVF , Severe Oligospermia , Non-obstructive azoospermia , Unexplained infertility