Reza Asadzadeh - Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Pedram Ahmadpoor - Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Mohsen Nafar - Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Shima Samavat - Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Hassan Nikoueinejad - Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Morteza Hosseinzadeh - Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
Nahid Mamizadeh - Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
Saeideh Hatami - Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Iran university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Elham Masoumi - Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
Aliakbar Amirzargar - Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is the most common complications following kidney transplantation. Natural killer (NK) cells demonstrated critical anti-viral role in controlling and elimination of CMV after transplantation. Interleukin-۱۵ (IL-۱۵) is a pleiotropic cytokine that promotes the activity of NK cells and strengthens the acquired immune system. Also, IP۱۰ (CXCL۱۰) is a chemotactic factor which regulates NK cell recruitment and antiviral immune response. We aimed to determine the correlation between the serum levels of IL-۱۵ and IP-۱۰ cytokines with CMV infection, CMV viral load, and cyclosporine as a major immunosuppressive treatment after transplantation. Methods: Fifty-eight kidney transplant recipient patients without evidence of CMV virus disease before transplantation surgery were included in the study. From the day of transplant surgery, the patients were evaluated based on the presence of CMV Ag pp۶۵, CMV viral load, serum levels of IL-۱۵ & IP-۱۰, Cyclosporine levels (C۰ & C۲), Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR), and hematological & biochemical Index, up to ۷۵ days. Results: Comparison analysis of serum levels of IL-۱۵ and IP-۱۰ showed no significant association with CMV infection in kidney transplant recipients. In addition, CMV viral load and cyclosporine levels at C۰ and C۲ did not affect patientschr('۳۹') IL-۱۵ and IP-۱۰ levels. Conclusions: The levels of IP-۱۰ and IL-۱۵ cytokines are not affected with CMV infection, even if a viral infection occurs in the early days after transplantation or long afterwards. In addition, taking the different levels of cyclosporine did not affect the cytokines levels. Other mechanisms may play a role in maintaining the levels of these cytokines.

Cytokine, Cytomegalovirus, IP-۱۰, Interleukin-۱۵, Transplantation.