In vivo effects of Royal Jelly, nano-silver particle and their combinations on the kidney and liver pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines

BackgroundCytokines play crucial roles in the immune responses. Nano-particles (NP), such as nano-silver (NS), are used widely to improve drug delivery. It has been reported that NS may affect immune cell functions. Royal Jelly (RJ) has protective roles against several molecules including free radicals and other harmful molecules. This project was designed to explore the protective roles of RJ on the anti-immune response effects of NS in the liver and kidney of the rats.MethodsIn this study, ۴۰ rats were divided into four groups, control, RJ, NS, and NS-RJ treated groups. The rats were treated by RJ and NS and their combination and the liver and kidney levels of Interlukin-۱۰ (IL-۱۰), IL-۱۳, Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand ۳ (CCL۳) were evaluated using ELISA technique.ResultsThe results demonstrated that NS reduced liver and kidney levels of CCL۳ and TNF-α, respectively. RJ neutralized the effects of NS on the CCL۳ and TNF-α levels and also decreased IL-۱۳ levels in both kidney and liver tissue. Conclusion Based on the results, RJ significantly modulates the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α and CCL۳, following challenges with NS. RJ also may regulate the expression of IL-۱۳, which may be associated with damages to the tissues

Keywords:

Cytokine , Nano-silver , Royal Jelly