The role of nanotechnology for the treatment of dry eye disease

Dry eye syndrome (DES) is a multifactorial condition characterized by insufficient lubrication of tears and eye irritation. Over the past decade, these eye infections are associated with many risk factors, such as air pollutants, aging, and inflammation, which is an emerging threat to human health, leading to DES and other diseases. A dry eye occurs when the eye does not produce enough tears or when the tears evaporate quickly. Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Artificial tears are usually the first line of treatment, which includes several types of eye drops such as Restasis and Xiidra. There are some other treatments, such as lacrisert (a lubricant that is placed under the eyelid) or warm compresses. However, Limitation of the administrated drugs and the ocular bioavailability due to several factors such as small anatomical space, baseline, irritation, altered taste sensation, reduced visual acuity, metabolic degradation of the drugs, and other anatomical and physiological barriers in the eye make these treatments not very helpful with slower effect. Some of them have a low degree of standardization, and some are invasive. This review represents different treatments together with nano therapeutic and drug delivery carriers using nanoparticles to see how they can be bioavailable and effective to this disease

Keywords:

Dry eye disease , nanotechnology , treatments , symptoms , drug delivery