Parastoo Sharifian - Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
Nafiseh Khosravi - Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
Fatemeh Sameni - Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
Masoud Dadashi - Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran

Background and Aim : Comorbidities affect a high percentage of COVID-۱۹ patients. Several studies conducted in China reveal that ۱۵–۴۰% of patients with COVID-۱۹ had a history of cardiac disease. Laboratory indicators of cardiac injury and cardiovascular involvement are found in ۲–۵% and ۱۰–۳۰% of patients, respectively. COVID-۱۹ and cardiovascular disease are directly related in clinical studies. Preexisting cardiovascular diseases in patients with COVID-۱۹ lead to more severe complications and a higher mortality rate.Methods : A comprehensive systematic literature review was conducted by searching original papers published in Medline, Web of Science, and Embase databases in ۲۰۲۱. The following phrases were used in the search strategy: COVID OR COVID-۱۹ OR novel coronavirus OR new coronavirus OR coronavirus ۲۰۱۹ OR ۲۰۱۹-nCoV OR nCoV OR CoV-۲ OR SARS-۲ OR SARS-CoV-۲ OR severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus ۲, CAD OR coronary artery disease.Results : The meta-analysis of prevalence studies indicated that the frequency of CAD was ۱۰.۸% (۹۵% CI ۸.۲-۱۳.۳) among ۱۰۸۸۹ patients with COVID-۱۹ in America, ۱۲.۴% (۹۵% CI ۹.۶-۱۵.۲) among ۵۷۹۹ patients in Europe, and ۱۱.۷% (۹۵% CI ۹.۶-۱۳.۸) among ۳۴۰۰ patients in Asia. No data were available on the prevalence of CAD infection among patients with COVID-۱۹ in Africa and Oceania. The highest incidence of CAD was reported among patients with COVID-۱۹ in the USA.Conclusion : The results of the present meta-analysis reveal that minor symptoms such as cough, shortness of breath, or abnormal laboratory findings should be considered in people with a history of coronary artery disease, especially the elderly and men. Timely referral to medical centers prevents infection and worsening of the clinical condition in patients.

CAD, Coronary Artery, COVID-۱۹, SARS-CoV-۲