SeyedeShahrzad Mahroughi - Department of biology, faculty of science, Ferdowsi university of Mashhad
Mohammadreza Sharifmoghadam - Department of biology, faculty of science, Ferdowsi university of Mashhad
Leila Shokrzade - Ph.D. graduated, Alzahra university
Masoume Bahreini - Department of biology, faculty of science, Ferdowsi university of Mashhad

Background and Aim : Helicobacter pylori, with its great diversity in pathogenic genes, is directly and indirectly involved in many disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and even outside the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of this infection in patients referred to endoscopic centers in Mashhad and the presence of some important virulence genes such as cagA, vacA and oipA.Methods : In this study, from ۸۹ patients who referred to an endoscopy center, two pieces of tissue were prepared from the antrum or duodenum by a physician. One of the two pieces of tissue isolated from the patient's stomach was allocated for urease test and the other piece was used for DNA-extraction by phenol-chloroform method. First, the frequency of Helicobacter pylori was examined in all samples by PCR and glmM primer, and then for glmM positive samples, multiplex-PCR test was performed with primer of cagA, vacA and oipA genes. PCR results were read on gel electrophoresis.Results : ۵۴% of biopsies (۴۸/۸۹) were urea-positive. Bacterial frequency with glmM gene was ۴۸% (۴۳/۸۹). The frequency of cagA, vacA and oipA pathogenic genes among positive H.pylori samples was ۷۷%, ۶۵% and ۵۱% by PCR, respectively.Conclusion : The importance of pathogenic genes and its high frequency in patient samples indicate the need to use rapid and accurate identification methods such as PCR in clinical diagnoses. Also, due to the fact that in Multiplex-PCR test, several genes are examined simultaneously, this method is preferred to better identify the dominant strains in each region, by examining the number of more pathogenic genes to provide more effective treatments.

pathogenic genes, glmM, endoscopy, Helicobacter pylori