Gut-brain axis dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorder Affected by Microbiota & Metabolic Network

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is a box of colored pencils containing various types of Spectrum. The global prevalence of ASD showed that One in every ۱۰۰ people had been affected by ASD, and rates have shown an increasing trend over time. This group of disorders Has become a major concern in the community and education, leading families and government to pay high education and training costs. (Lasheras et al., ۲۰۲۰)Interestingly the prevalence of gastrointestinal disease is significantly higher in autistic children versus normal children. Several studies recently demonstrated that the composition of the intestinal microbiota in ASD individuals, often reported under the controversial term "dysbiosis, " provides a reasonable response for the more frequent occurrence of functional GI disorders.(Lasheras et al., ۲۰۲۰; Nitschke, Deonandan, & Konkle, ۲۰۲۰)Following studies have been reports of a direct association between metabolites produced by microbiota and neurological diseases. This means that microbiota could affect the brain functions and development through the gut-brain But it is noteworthy that characterization A distinctive ASD microbial pattern and its possible role in ASD remains unclear.The gut microbiome consists of more than ۱۰۰ trillion microorganisms, containing bacteria and viruses on a large scale. On a small scale, fungi and protozoa exist. Due to the development of high throughput sequencing of ۱۶S rRNA gene amplicon and shotgun metagenomic sequencing, understanding the role of microbiomes in causing disease became clearer tremendously over the past decade(Verhaar, Prodan, Nieuwdorp, & Muller, ۲۰۲۰). Gut microbiota composition is largely influenced by dietary factors, Delivery mode, Early feeding pattern, Maternal Gestational Diabetes, obesity during pregnancy, and Antibiotics. This difference in the microbiota population leads to the production of more or fewer metabolites essential for the health of the nervous system. Altogether, the present study highlighted the alternation pattern of bacteria in ASD children and found the key metabolite which plays a critical role in autism pathogenesis pathways.

Keywords:

Early detection , Microbiome , Autism Spectrum Disorder , Metabolite