Forouzandeh Soltani - Department of Horticultural Science, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
Moien Shajari - Department of Horticultural Science, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
Giti Sadat Mirbehbahani - Department of Horticultural Science, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
Mohammad Reza Bihamta - Department of Horticultural Science, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

Understanding genetic diversity and germplasm classification are the keys for selection of right parents for breeding purposes. In the present study, the genetic diversity and classification of ۴۵ Iranian and ۱۵ foreign melons were evaluated. A greenhouse experiment was laid out as a randomized completely block design with three replications and five plants in each replicates. Fruit number had a positive correlation with female flower numbers, fruit number, and fruit yield. The fruit number, however, correlated negatively with the leaf area. Genotypes with monoicous flowering habit produced female flowers in lower nodes and formed longer fruit. The number of the female flower, fruit number, yield, high total soluble solids (TSS), leaf area, the first node of female appearance, and flesh firmness were amongst the high weighted and more coefficient in the component analysis. For the breeding purpose, all accessions of cluster ۴ were andromonoecious and obtained high TSS, leaf area, and flesh firmness. From the first three clusters, ۱۱ accessions were monoecious, which belonged to TN-۹۳-۵, TN ۹۲۱۰۰, TN ۹۲۱۰۷۱, TN ۹۲۲۰۲۵ (Cluster۱), FLTM ۲۷, and FLTM۳۵ (Cluster۲), TN۹۲۱۰۲۶, TN-۹۴-۲۱, TN- ۹۴-۴۴, TN-۹۴-۲۸, and TN-۹۴-۳ (Cluster۳). The characteristic of cluster ۳ included melons with high female flower and fruit number and fewer number of the first node of female flower. In conclusion, good genetic resources and foreign types for selection are available for improving the breeding of melons based on the evaluated traits.

Andromonoecious, Correlation, Female flower, germplasm, Monoecious, selection