Mesenchymal stem cells that located in the electromagnetic fields improves rat model of Parkinson's disease

Objective(s): The main characteristic of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is their ability to produce other cell types. Electromagnetic field (EMF) stimulates differentiation of MSCs into other cells. In this study, we investigated whether EMF can effect on the differentiation of MSCs into dopaminergic (DA) neurons. Materials and Methods: An EMF with a frequency of ۵۰ Hz and two intensities of ۴۰ and ۴۰۰ µT ۱hr/day was generated around the cells for a week. Afterwards, these cells were injected into the left ventricle of Parkinsonian rats. The rats survived for ۲ weeks, and then sampling was performed. Results: The injected cells differentiated into DA neurons and sporadically settled in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Transplanted rats exhibited significant partial correction apomorphine-induced rotational behavior compared to Parkinsonian rats (۵.۰±۰.۱ vs ۷.۵۷±۰.۰۸). Results demonstrated that endogenous serum and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were altered in all experimental groups. The greatest increase was in group of ۴۰۰ µT EMF in comparison with Parkinsonian rats (۳۹۸±۱۵ vs. ۳۱۲±۱۱.۷۹ pg ⁄ mg). Current study have shown that ۶-Hydroxydopamine can cause severe loss of dopaminergic neurons (۶۸±۶.۵۸), but injected MSCs that exposed to ۴۰ and ۴۰۰ µT EMF increased dopaminergic neurons in SNpc ( ۱۰۸±۲.۳۳  & ۱۲۶±۳.۸۹) (P<۰.۰۰۱). Conclusion: Electromagnetic fields with particular frequencies stimulate MSCs. So, these cells had anti-Parkinsonian properties in our studies.

Keywords:

Dopaminergic neuron , Electromagnetic Field , Mesenchymal stem cells , Parkinson’s disease