Mohammad R. Jamalpour - Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR Iran
Mohammad Moslem Imani - Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IR Iran
Atefe Saffar Shahroudi - Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, IR Iran
Sina Oladzadeh - ۴Dentist, Tehran, IR Iran

Background Facial trauma is a common sport-related injury and risk of this injury in contact sports is greater than non-contact sports. Facial trauma has been suggested as a possible etiologic factor of temporomandibular disorder (TMD). Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency of TMD and its clinical manifestation in boxers of Islamic Republic of Iran national team. Materials and Methods In this study, thirty-two male players with average age of ۲۳.۷۵ ± ۲.۲۱ who were playing boxing more than ۶ years were evaluated regarding TMD. After taking the history, a clinical examination was performed for each athlete. The presence of at least a sign or symptom was considered as TMD diagnosis. Data were collected and presented as descriptive findings. Results Of ۳۲ boxers, ۲۸.۱% (۹ cases) had TMD and ۷۱.۹% (۲۳ cases) were healthy. The most common symptom was ante-auricular pain (۲۵%) followed by neck pain (۲۱.۸۷%) right ante-auricular tenderness (۹.۳۷%) muscle tenderness (۹.۳۷%), neck tenderness (۹.۳۷%) and headache (۳.۱۲%). The uppermost sign was right joint click (۲۵%) followed by left joint click (۱۲.۵%) and jaw deviation during mouth opening (۱۲.۵%).average age of (۲۵ ± ۲ years) and boxing record (۱۰.۴۴ ± ۲.۲۹ years) of athletes with TMD were higher than average age of (۲۳.۲۶ ± ۲.۴ years) and boxing record (۷.۲۶ ± ۱.۷۶ years) of athletes without TMD. Conclusions This study showed that the prevalence of various sign and symptoms of TMD is relatively high in boxers which could result from boxing-related facial trauma.

Facial Trauma, Sports Injury, Temporomandibular Disorder, Temporomandibular Joint