نقش واردات و صادرات محصولات مهم زراعی و باغی در تجارت مجازی آب و رد پای آب در کشاورزی ایران

In this article, the role of imports and exports of major agricultural products on amount of virtual water trade, net virtual water import (NVWI), and country water indices included water footprint (WF), water scarcity (WS), water dependency (WD), and water self-sufficiency (WSS) in agricultural sector was studied for a five-year period (۱۳۸۸- ۱۳۸۴). The results show that the volume of imported virtual water to Iran during the mentioned period for ۱۶ major crops was three times more than the volume of exported virtual water for ۱۶ major crops (about ۱۲۵.۸ and ۳۷.۹ billion cubic meters, respectively). This means that the NVWI in this period was positive. It is noted that sever increasing in positive NVWI in the two last years of this period has been accrued due to population increasing and drought events in most provinces of the country. Also, Annual meanly country water footprint in agricultural sector is ۱۰۴.۸ billion cubic meters in this period and with average annual ۱۷.۶ billion cubic meters through NVWI, Iran has been saved the same amount of its internal water resourecs. Calculated indices of WS, WD and WSS in Iran showed that the average annual intensity of water use in agricultural sector in the mentioned period has been ۶۷.۱% which is high (WS index close to ۱۰۰). Average annual country's agricultural dependency on imports of virtual water (WD) has been ۱۶.۸%. This percentage indicates that if the country instead of importing agricultural products, produce those amount into country, an average of about ۱۶.۸% should be added to the water consumption in the agricultural sector. Also, average annual Iran's self-sufficiency to water (WSS) has been estimated about ۸۳.۲%.

Keywords:

تجارت مجازی آب , محصولات کشاورزی , صادرات , واردات , منابع آب , نیاز آبی