Factors Affecting Hand Hygiene Performance of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Health Care Team during the Outbreak of COVID-۱۹ Disease in Iran: A Qualitative Study

Background: This study aimed to determine factors affecting compliance with Hand Hygiene (HH) from the perspective of the health care team working in the pediatric intensive care unit of a children's tertiary center, Ali -Asghar hospital, in Tehran, Iran. Methods: we recruited ۳۵ Pediatric ICU health care workers, including nurses, attending physicians and medical students, selected by purposive sampling between February to November ۲۰۲۰. Data were collected using deep semi-structured interviews, and analyzed through Graneheim and Lundman’s (۲۰۰۴) qualitative conventional content analysis method. All interviews were recorded and typed in the MAXQDA software and then analyzed in eight steps including writing interviews, determining the semantic units, text coding, matching codes with text, categorizing and developing categories, reviewing the categories, identifying the sub themes and reporting the findings. Results: ۶۸.۵% of the participants were female, with an average age of ۳۲.۷ years and work experience of ۸.۶ years. After reviewing all codes obtained, ۴ main categories were finally extracted. (I) Meta-organizational factors including two subcategories of macro-health policy, sanctions and economic problems, (II) Organizational factors including three subcategories of incoherence in observing the rules, monitoring and evaluation, and the prevailing attitude of the organization, (III) Individual factors including three subcategories of attitude of the health care team towards patients, skin reactions to hand sanitizers, concerns about their own health and health of their family, (IV) Characteristics of the clinical environment including three subcategories of professional relationships, special conditions governing the pediatric ICU, and care facilities. Conclusion: Overall, ۲۳۴ codes were extracted from the interviews and after the integration of similarities, four key themes including Meta-organizational factors, Organizational factors, Individual factors and Characteristics of the clinical environment were obtained indicating factors affecting hand hygiene performance of  the PICU health care team.

Keywords:

COVID-۱۹ , Hand Hygiene , Health Care Team , Pediatric ICU , Perspective , Qualitative research