Bacteria effective in respiratory diseases in livestock

Pneumonia is one of the most common respiratory diseases in cattle caused by viral and bacterial agents such as mycoplasmas and hemophilus. The role of mycoplasmas in causing pneumonia is more prominent in about ۵۰% of cases, but the role of hemophilus should not be overlooked. Haemophilus somnus is also common with Histophilus somnius. It is naturally present in the mucous membranes of the throat and nose of cows but is not present in the lungs of healthy cows and enters the lungs in the form of opportunistic objects. Combined respiratory disease in ruminants has a single clinical nature called bronchopneumonia A set of infectious agents cause host disorders and environmental conditions Pneumonia causes more economic losses in calves and fattening lambs than other diseases, so that it is the most common cause of calf mortality in the dairy industry. The disease is more common in calves kept indoors. In dairy calves, bronchopneumonia is often referred to as anzeotic pneumonia, and in meat breeds the term transport fever is commonly used. This article examines pneumonia and the important bacterial agents that affect it so that we can ultimately prevent the economic losses caused by it. Infectious agents can cause disease when the host defenses, especially the ability of bacterial clearing by alveolar macrophages due to stress, nutritional deficiencies or viral infections, are reduced. Among the most important bacteria that cause this disease are Mycoplasmas and Haemophilus somnus (Histophilus somnus).

Keywords:

Mycoplasma , Haemophilus , pneumonia , respiratory diseases