Azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-۱۹: Pharmacological mechanism, clinical efficacy, and prescribing guidelines

The advent of the new malady COVID-۱۹ has challenged the search for effective treatments. Because the most severe clinical side effects related with COVID-۱۹ malady appear to be extreme intense respiratory disorder, azithromycin has been recommended as a pharmacotherapy potential in this area.There are different speculations around the conceivable mechanism of activity of azithromycin versus SARS-CoV-۲. In different research, we studied the various antiviral mechanism of azithromycin. In the first step, it must be stated that the proper growth and function of the endosome requires an acidic environment. These environmental conditions also apply to the effective growth and penetration of viruses such as influenza, AIDS, and even SARS-CoV-۲ to host cells. Interleukin-۲ that gets included in the innate immune reactions of bacterial or viral pathogens by proliferating and differentiating T lymphocytes. Interleukin-۲ production must be maintained to trigger an innate immune reaction in patients with COVID-۱۹ and produce sufficient memory T and natural killer cells and persuade T-regulatory cells to suppress inflammation. Azithromycin can permit an adequate memory T-cell amount to be kept up and a greater immunization.We have updated the evidence and selected all relevant items to understand the mechanism of azithromycin, clinical efficacy, and their side effects in the treatment of COVID-۱۹ patients.The most common side effect and drug interaction in patients with COVID-۱۹ for whom azithromycin in prescribed, included pruritus, headache and nausea. Concomitant use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine with azithromycin can also lead to life-threatening arrhythmias.

Keywords:

Azithromycin , COVID-۱۹ , Clinical trial , Antiviral and immunomodulatory agents , Cytokine release syndrome