Ali Rahmani - Professor in Accounting, Department of Accounting, Faculty of Social Sciences and Economy, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
Mahdi Dehghani Ashkezari - MSc. in Finance and Insurance, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

Enhanced indexing (EI) is a passive investment strategy that seeks to perform better than the benchmark index in the sense of higher return. The purpose of enhanced indexing is to determine optimal portfolios with the maximum excess mean return over the index return. The less efficient markets offer scope for enhanced indexing. The less (more) efficient the market is, the greater (lesser) is the chance of beating it. In this study, a two-step procedure is proposed for enhanced indexing of the Tehran Exchange Dividend and Price Index (TEDPIX). In the first step, a discrete Markov chain model is designed to filter stocks based on their high probability of gain over the benchmark index. In the second step, optimal weights are assigned to the filtered assets by maximizing the STARR ratio with MCVaR. The sample includes weekly data from March ۲۰۱۳ to March ۲۰۲۰. The data is divided into a ۲۶-time frame, including ۵۲ in-sample data and ۱۲ out-of-sample data. The results of ۲۶ window (containing a rolling data set of ۵۲ weeks in- sample data & ۱۲ weeks out-of-sample) show that not only the portfolio return positively correlated to the TEDPIX return and could track it entirely, but also it could exceed and enhance the portfolio tracking. More precisely, our model portfolio could grow ۱۳.۶۵ times while the TEDPIX grows just ۶.۵ times simultaneously.

Discrete Markov chain, Enhanced indexing, Mixed conditional value-at-risk, portfolio optimization, STARR ratio