An examination of antibacterial properties and chemical profile of methanolic extract of Agaricus bisporus wild edible mushroom, Zarnagh region (East Azerbaijan province, Iran)

There are many studies on cultivated and wild mushrooms in the world, but there is little information about phytochemical properties and antibacterial activities of wild edible mushrooms of Iran. This work is to our best knowledge of the biological properties of the native fungus in the Zarnagh region (East Azerbaijan province in northwestern Iran). This region is known for the variety of its soils and diversity of climatic conditions. This variability assumes an important role in mushroom production and thus, Zarnagh is recognized as one of the richest regions in wild edible species in Iran. The methanol extracts of Agaricus bisporus mushroom (maceration extraction method), was screened for phytochemicals and biological properties, using standard analytical methods with the aim of assessing their health promoting properties. The results of physicochemical and nutritional factors include crude protein (۴۶.۶۲ ± ۰.۱۹ g/۱۰۰g), crude fat (۱۰.۵۹ ± ۰.۱۳ g/۱۰۰g), crude fiber (۱۷.۷۶ ± ۰.۳۲ g/۱۰۰g), carbohydrate (۱.۵۶ ± ۰.۲۷ g/۱۰۰g) and total energy (۲۸۸.۳ ± ۲.۶۱ Kcal). Copper, iron, calcium, phosphorus, sodium and potassium in substantial quantities were detected in the mushrooms. The phenolic compounds (rutin, myricetin, quercetin, kaempferol), identified by High performance liquid chromatography coupled to ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV) analysis. The methanolic extracts was evaluated by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), analysis. We report a screening of antibacterial activities by using one Gram Positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and two Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) performed for this important wild edible mushroom species from northwestern Iran. In addition, the antibacterial assay was carried out by agar well diffusion method.

Keywords:

Wild edible mushroom , methanolic extract , phytochemical investigation , Antimicrobial activities , GC-MS , HPLC-UV