MicroRNAs as precise diagnostic biomarkers: A review

miRNAs (also known as endogenous noncoding RNAs, or "ncRNAs") are a family of endogenous ncRNAs that are small (about ۲۲ nucleotides in length). Too far, about ۲,۵۰۰ distinct microRNAs have been reported in various publications and new interest in miRNA biological function has arisen due to the recent advancement in molecular biology, As a result, it's unsurprising that abnormal miRNA expression plays a role in the pathogenesis of a variety of illnesses, including cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, and cancer. Current needs are not being satisfied by conventional miRNA detection techniques. In contrast, immunoassay techniques, and next-generation sequencing (NGS) have been extensively used to detect miRNA with great sensitivity. These novel methods have advanced the functional study and clinical diagnostics of miRNAs. In this paper, we highlight the latest advancements in miRNA detection methods and their possible future uses. It will guide follow-up methods that are very sensitive and specific as well as pertinent to disease diagnosis and treatment.

Keywords:

MicroRNAs , RNA hybridizes , Locked nucleic acid (LNA) , pirRNA , siRNAs