Maternal and fetal vascular adaptations in placental disorders: A Systematic Review

Background: Subclinical vascular changes, assessed at placental disease diagnosis, could reflect the increased risk of future cardiovascular disease (CVD). Thus, identification of mothers and neonates at risk of adverse long-term cardiovascular outcomes could provide an opportunity for lifestyle and risk factors modification with the aim of reducing morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to review the Maternal and neonatal vascular adaptations in placental disorders .Method: The Cumulative Index for Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Web of Science, ProQuest Nursing and Allied Health Source, PubMed, EMBASE, Social Science Research Network (SSRN), SCOPUS, Mosby’s Nursing Skills, SID, Magiran, Google Scholar, Iran Medex, and Iran Doc databases were searched. Eligible articles were published from ۲۰۰۰ until December ۲۰۲۱. Two independent reviewers conducted data extraction and relevance screening .Results: We found ۲۸۷ studies of which ۲۵ were eligible for review. FGR cases with placental disorders showed increased carotid IMT, blood pressure, and CWS, together with reduced CAD and IVC collapsibility. FGR without placental disorders had as a whole increased IMT and blood pressure, but similar CAD and ICV collapsibility to controls. When sub-classified according to gestational age, only early-onset FGR had significantly increased IMT and CWS, but both groups had increased BP .Conclusion: Placental disorder analyses and publishing recommendations that are more definitive. The placenta may represent an important model for the study of epigenetic changes in the offspring and identify potential CVD risk factors .

Keywords:

Carotid intima-media thickness , fetal growth restriction , placental disorders , a systematic review