Incidence Rate and Risk Factors for Cleft Lip and Palate at Hospital Centers of Hamadan Province, Iran in ۲۰۰۷

Background and aim: Cleft lip and palate is a common craniofacial congenital malformation. Treatment of this deformity has always been a matter of great concern for physicians and specialists. Data on the incidence and prevalence rate of this condition can help medical authorities plan for the healthcare of these patients. Present study aimed to determine the incidence rate and related risk factors of cleft lip and palate in Hamadan province in ۲۰۰۷. Materials and methods: In this study, ۲۹,۸۲۲ newborns were evaluated in Hamadan Province hospitals, Iran. Variables such as neonatal gender, parents’ occupations, place of residence, family background, parental consanguinity, and neonatal co-occurring disorders, as well as maternal factors such as age at pregnancy, diseases during pregnancy, medications, drug abuse, smoking, alcohol consumption, radiography, and radiotherapy during pregnancy were recorded. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS version ۱۳. Results: ۲۵ neonates (۱۴ male and ۱۱ female subjects) were born with various forms of cleft lip and cleft palate. The incidence rate was ۰.۸۳ per ۱۰۰۰ live births. Cleft lip and palate (bi or unilateral) and isolated cleft palate were the most and least frequently reported cases, respectively. In total, ۲۸% of the newborns presented with other co-occurring disorders. Consanguineous marriage was reported in approximately ۲۸% of the neonates’ parents and ۱۲% of the mothers used medications such as phenytoin, imipramine, and trifluoperazine during pregnancy. Conclusion: The incidence rate of cleft lip and palate was close to the average global rate and reports in European and East Asian countries. The incidence rate of clefts was higher in males, compared to females. According to the results, parental consanguinity and mother’s medication, especially at the beginning of pregnancy, are regarded as risk factors for cleft lip and palate.

Keywords:

Cleft lip and palate , Cleft Lip , Disorder