Determining the status of activity of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activity of daily living (IADL) in healthy and cognitive impaired elderlies

Background & Objective: Dementia is associated with serious effects on memory, cognition and ability to carry out daily activities. There is evidence that impairment in activity of daily living (ADL) is even reported among elder patients who suffer from mild cognitive disorders. Therefore, we aimed to determine the status of ADL and instrumental activity of daily living (IADL) in healthy and cognitive impaired elderlies (MCI, Mild, and Moderate dementia). Methods: In this cross-sectional study which was conducted in ۲۰۱۶, ۳۰۰ elderlies (۶۰ years and above) were selected using a classified cluster sampling in four groups (each group of ۷۵ individuals). These groups comprised of healthy old people and elderlies with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild to moderate dementia that were residing in rural areas of Isfahan and Tehran and were classified between stages of ۱ to ۵ according to the Global Deterioration Scale (GDS). All individuals in four groups were assessed by ADL and IADL evaluation tools. The geriatric depression scale (GDS-۱۵) and DSM-IV scale were performed on healthy elderlies by a physician to confirm the lack of mild dementia or depression. Data were analyzed by SPSS ۲۰ software and using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance and independent samples T-test. Results: According to the cognitive impairment screening results by GDS, ۷۶ elderlies were healthy, ۷۵ were in MCI group, ۷۲ individuals were diagnosed with mild dementia and ۷۷ were suffering from moderate dementia. The mean scores of ADL tool on the basis of different cognitive stages of elderlies were statistically significant (p<۰.۰۰۱). The ADL scores among elderlies were lowered by increasing the severity of cognitive impairment. Moreover, the average scores of IADL among elderlies with different cognitive status were significantly different (p<۰.۰۰۱). The IADL scores in cases with moderate dementia were markedly declined in comparison to healthy subjects and elderlies with MCI and mild dementia. Conclusion: Although applying the ADL and IADL tools are not considered as gold standards in rapid assessment of cognitive impairments among elderlies, they could be considered as useful and user friendly tools to detect performance alterations in elderlies with dementia to provide healthcare by geriatric teams.

Keywords:

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) , Activity of daily living (ADL) , Instrumental activity of daily living (IADL) , Dementia , Elderly , اختلال خفیف شناختی , فعالیت های روزمره زندگی , فعالیت های ابزاری زندگی , دمانس , سالمند