Pooria Ashena - MD,School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
Saeed Hosseini - Center for Healthcare Data Modeling, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of public health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
Narjes Hazar - MD, Assistant Professor in Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.

Background and Objective: Although most upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) are caused by viruses, antibiotics are used for most children with URTIs symptoms in practice. Therefore this study aimed to assess knowledge, attitude and practice as one of the leading factors of using antibiotics  in URTIs among mothers with at least one ۶ month-۶ year child.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in ۲۰۱۹. The study population consisted of ۴۰۶ mothers with children aged ۶ months to ۶ years who had referred to selected comprehensive health centers in Yazd to vaccinate one of their children. Participants were selected through multi-stage sampling. The data was collected using a validated questionnaire with five parts including demographic, knowledge, attitude, and practice questions related to URTIs and antibiotic use in the last three months. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics V۲۲.۰ software.Results: A total of ۴۰۶ mothers participated in the study. Nearly two-third of these participants benefit from a good level of knowledge. Meanwhile, most of them had moderate attitudes (۸۳.۷%) and performance levels (۶۷.۷%). Most of the ۲۴۳ (۸۴.۵%) mothers reported that they didn't have any arbitrary use of antibiotics for their children’s URTIs during the past three months. In addition, ۶۵.۳% stated that they never give antibiotics to their child without a doctor's prescriptionConclusions: Although educational interventions to improve the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice in the community especially among parents are necessary, performing more KAP studies on physicians regarding the administration of antibiotics in URTIs as well as provision of valid and indigenous guidelines for the optimal administration of antibiotics may be helpful.

Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, mothers, Respiratory tract infection