Seyed Abolfazl Hassani - Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agriculture and Natural Resources
Ali Salehi Sardoei - Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agriculture and Natural Resources
Hamideh Azad Ghouge Bigloo - Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol
Hadi Ghasemi - Faculty of Agriculture, University of Shahrood
Amir Ghorbanzadeh - Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agriculture and Natural Resources

Various markers can be used for accurate identifications of plant genotypes and cultivars. Since microsatellite markers of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are abundant and reliably reproducible, ۱۴ pairs were used for evaluating polymorphic levels among ۳۳ apple genotypes. All ۱۴ pairs of primers had high degrees of polymorphism, ranging from three alleles (in the case of primers CH۰۱h۰۱ and CH۰۲d۱۲) to ۱۲ alleles in primer CH۰۵d۰۴. In total, ۸۳ polymorphic alleles appeared in these ۱۴ SSR loci (with an average of ۵.۹۲ alleles per gene locus), and the polymorphic information content averaged ۰.۷۱. Dendrograms for molecular data were drawn based on the UPGMA method, and genotypes were divided into six main groups. The genotypes of Shahrood ۲۰ and Shahrood ۲۱ (۹۵%) had the highest similarity with each other, while Shahrood ۳ and Palestinian Malayer (۱۴%) had the lowest. Principal component analysis confirmed the results of cluster analysis to determine relationships between the genotypes.

Genetic diversity, heterozygosity, Iranian native apple, PIC, microsatellite markers, Similarity coefficient