The study of individual and social situations of survivors in disasters and crises

Introduction: Every year disasters lead to the death of millions, physical and mental disabilities and also financial losses in the world. Disasters cause a lot of mental stress on survivors which can cause the irreversible effects. So, the psychological side effects and outcomes, in this regard, can be prevented by appropriate policies. Methods:In this qualitative study, data was collected and analyzed by a combination of field observation, in-depth interviews and reports with officials. All papers related to the disasters and crises side effects were studied. Findings: Prevalence of mental disorders among survivors is one of the negative consequences of the crisis. Mental disorders can be reduced by awareness and appropriate organizing in response to disasters. The most common mental and psychological problems are as follows: recalling the scene of disasters in the mind, in sleep and wakefulness such as houses destruction; the bodies and injured particularly children under debris; feeling of sadness and hopelessness; irritability; fear of being alone; and concerning about the uncertain future. Conclusion: For survivors, it is necessary to prepare mental health regarding the importance of mental and psychological health in disasters and crises. In these circumstances, it is important to avoid negative and lasting psychological consequences with proper management by organizations, officials and relief workers and their performance in order to restore mental and social situations of affected people.

Keywords:

disaster , mental health , stress disorders , بحران , بهداشت روحی- روانی , اختلالات استرس.