Iraj Afshar - Writer and Researcher, Ph.D. Sociology

Sistan in the eastern part of Iran is located beside Iran border and Afghanistan and because long- standing geographical particular position, continental specific conditions, contiguity with fruitful Hirmand and Hamoun (includes as the largest lake of freshwater in the world with international point which is known such as huge capacity of "biosphere"), also by political typical situation has had special validity to the point of strategic and is considered as passage of auriferous India and Far East too. Sistan, the national mythology of land, has been bloomed like cultural cradle from the old days as its great and brilliant antiquities are seen nowadays and admired by the world. It has been recognized as the capital association of monumental cultures in Vararoudan (Mavaraonnahr), Mesopotamia, Send, India, China because of its cultural Characteristic. Sistan is one of the most fertile lands in Iran with its alluvial soil and plentiful water which has been one of the prosperous states in Iran in the past. The Iranian and foreign notable experts who have evaluated Sistan's questions perfectly called it as "Auriferous Land" and "The Storage of Wheat of Iran and Asia".The continental diversity, topography and geographical conditions, disharmonious distribution and crossing and inconstant of current flow beside water needs and changes during the year reckon hydrologic characteristics of the vast part of Iran, especially Sistan. So, the principals of irrigation engineering has been noticed by Iranian from the ancient times, who are named this "Irrigation Art". Iranian were telling water, purity symbol and immortality element and were revealing this opinion with sacred believes like Anahita, the guard angel of water, which was showed water's value. Precipitation and lack of water resources in Sistan has motivated Iranian to find new solutions for provide, storage and exploitation of water and Iranian engineers create intellectual and competent management methods to find, increase efficiency and water distribution. Monuments, buildings and many structure with variety in Iran water culture, among Sistan, in spite of centuries, events and natural variations have firmed show the intellect, facility and incomparable management of this region's engineers.