Zahra Naghdi Chavan - Faculty of Material Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran;
Mohammad Reza Etminanfar - Faculty of Material Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran;
Maziyar Azadbeh - Faculty of Material Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran;
Leila Fathyunes - Department of Materials Engineering, University of Bonab, Bonab, Iran;

In the present study, Ti-۱۰Mo-X (TiC & TiB۲) composites produced by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at۱۴۵۰ ˚C containing different amounts of ceramic reinforcements (۰.۵≤ X ≤ ۴) were chosen as the implantmaterial. The key step to obtain an appropriate connection at the bone–implant interface which involvesoptimal cellular interaction, is the surface modification of the metallic implant using the calcium phosphate(CaP) bioceramics. The CaP coating was applied on this composite by electrodeposition method at constantDC current densities of ۰.۵ and ۰.۷ mA.cm-۲ for ۳۰ minutes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-rayenergy distribution spectroscopy (EDS), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used tostudy the morphology, chemical composition, phase structure, and bond identification within the coating,respectively. The static drop wetting test was also used so as to evaluate the surface wettability of the coatedsamples. Microscopic investigations showed that the coating applied at a current density of ۰.۷ mA.cm-۲has better coherence and uniformity in the crystal distribution. According to the results of the EDS analysis,the amount of the Ca/P molar ratio in the coating applied at ۰.۷ mA.cm-۲ is approximately equal to that ofthe bone, so this current density was chosen for further studies. The results of FTIR analysis revealed thatthe obtained coatings were mainly containing the carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) phase. Furthermore,the results of the wetting test showed that by applying the CaP coating the wetting angle decreased,indicating improving the hydrophilicity of the implant’s surface. To determine the bioactivity, the apatiteformingability test of the coated sample were carried out in SBF solution and an apatite layer with sphericalmorphology appeared on its surface after ۵ days immersion period.

Composite Ti-۱۰Mo, TiC & TiB۲ reinforcement, Spark Plasma Sintering, CaP Coating,Electrodeposition, Bioactivity.