Nafise Moein - Cardiologist, Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute AND Department of Cardiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Mohammad Garakyaraghi - Heart Failure Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Davood Shafie - Heart Failure Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Katayoun Rabiei - Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Sayed Mohsen Hosseini - Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Tohid Jafari-Koshki - Road Traffic Injury Research Center AND Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Mojtaba Rahimi - Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Babak Sadeghian - Central Laboratory and Air Pollution Monitoring, Isfahan Province Environmental Monitoring Center, Isfahan Department of Environment, Isfahan, Iran
Mahshid Givi - Heart Failure Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Nizal Sarrafzadegan - Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

BACKGROUND: Considering the high concentrations of pollutants in large cities of Iran and the high prevalence of heart failure (HF) among Iranians, especially with increasing life expectancy, this study investigated the relationship between airborne contaminants with a diameter < ۲.۵ µm or particulate matter ۲.۵ (PM۲.۵) and hospitalization and mortality in patients with HF in Isfahan, Iran, during ۲۰۱۱.METHODS: This ecological study was carried out on a part of data from the CAPACITY study. A total of ۲۷۵ patients with HF were randomly selected from ۸۴۰ subjects with International Statistical Classification of Diseases, ۱۰th Revision (ICD-۱۰) diagnosis code I۵۰ in the CAPACITY study. Patients’ records were evaluated and their clinical characteristics, disease history, and laboratory and echocardiographic findings were extracted. Air pollution and climatic data were extracted from the CAPACITY study. Poisson regression was used in crude and adjusted models to evaluate the association between PM۲.۵ and study outcomes. All analyses were performed using crude models and models adjusted for temperature, dew point, and wind speed.RESULTS: ۵۴.۹% (n = ۱۵۱) were men with mean age of ۷۰.۴ ± ۱۳.۷ years. While most patients (۸۵.۸%) were discharged after recovery, ۱۴.۲% of the patients died in the hospital. Blood glucose, heart rate, and ejection fraction (EF) were significantly higher on unhealthy days than normal days. Regression analysis revealed no significant relationships between hospitalization and mortality rates and PM۲.۵ concentrations on healthy days, unhealthy days for sensitive people, and unhealthy days.CONCLUSION: The model used in our study revealed no significant relationships between PM۲.۵ concentrations and hospital admission on healthy days, unhealthy days for sensitive people, and unhealthy days. 

Hospitalization, Mortality, Particulate Matter