Amir Saifipour - Cardiology Resident, Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Amirhossein Azhari - Assistant Professor, Heart Failure Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Ali Pourmoghaddas - Professor, Hypertension Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Sayed Mohsen Hosseini - Professor, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Tohid Jafari-Koshki - Assistant Professor, Road Traffic Injury Research Center AND Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Mojtaba Rahimi - Associate Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Ali Nasri - Assistant Professor, Interventional Cardiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Mansour Shishehforoush - Isfahan Disaster Management Office, Isfahan Governor’s Office, Isfahan, Iran
Ahmadreza Lahijanzadeh - Khuzestan Department of Environment, Ahvaz, Iran
Babak Sadeghian - Central Laboratory and Air Pollution Monitoring, Isfahan Province Environmental Monitoring Center, Isfahan Department of Environment, Isfahan, Iran
Elham Moazam - Cancer Prevention Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Mohammad Bagher Mohebi - Information Technology Office, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Victoria Ezatian - Isfahan Meteorological Office, Isfahan, Iran
Katayoun Rabiei - PhD Candidate, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Nizal Sarrafzadegan - Professor, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

BACKGROUND: Many studies have shown the worst effects of air pollution on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Present study focused on the relationship between atrial fibrillation (AF), as one of the common arrhythmias, and air pollutants in Isfahan, Iran, an industrial city in the Middle East.METHODS: A case-crossover design was used to explore the associations between air pollution and AF hospitalized patients with ventricular response (VR) > ۹۰ beats per minute (bpm) (fast response) and those with VR ≤ ۹۰ bpm. All patients' records were extracted from their hospital files. Air pollutants data including particulate matter less than ۱۰ µ (PM۱۰), PM۲.۵, carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO۲), sulfur dioxide (SO۲), and ozone (O۳) were obtained from the Correlation of Air Pollution with Hospitalization and Mortality of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Diseases (CAPACITY) study. Conditional logistic regression test was used to measure the relationship between pollutants and hospitalization due to AF.RESULTS: Records of ۳۶۹ patients, including ۱۷۳ men (۴۶.۹%) who were hospitalized for AF during the study period and had complete data were extracted. Although a positive but not statistically significant relationship was shown between ۱۰-unit increases in all pollutants (except PM۱۰) and the hospitalization due to AF in patients with rapid VR (RVR), the only significant relationship was observed in case of NO۲ [odds ratio (OR) = ۱.۲۶, ۹۵% confidence interval (CI) = ۱.۰-۲.۱, P = ۰.۰۳۱].CONCLUSION: This study showed positive significant relationships between NO۲ and the hospitalization due to AF in patients with RVR. NO۲ is a greenhouse gas whose levels are expected to increase due to global environmental changes. Therefore, relevant strategies should be adopted to decrease its levels, especially in industrial cities like Isfahan.

Air Pollution, Atrial Fibrillation, Nitrogen Dioxide