Mohammad Hasan Entezari - Associate Professor, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences AND Food Security and Nutrition Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Rasol Salehi - Associate Professor, Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Mohammad Kazemi - Assistant Professor, Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Mohsen Janghorbani - Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health‎, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Marzieh Kafeshani - School of Nutrition and Food Sciences AND Food Security and Nutrition Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

BACKGROUND: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) which controls body weight, glucose homeostasis, and adipocyte differentiation is a valuable candidate gene for insulin resistance (IR). The present study aimed to compare the effects of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet and usual dietary advice (UDA) on PPAR-γ gene expression in women at risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD).METHODS: This randomized controlled trial was performed on ۴۴ women aged ۲۰-۵۰ years at risk for CVD (BMI > ۲۵ kg/m۲ and low physical activity). Participants were randomly assigned to the UDA (n = ۲۲) or DASH (n = ۲۲) diets for ۱۲ weeks. The DASH diet was rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains and low-fat dairy products and low in saturated fat, total fat, cholesterol, refined grains and sweets, with a total of ۲۴۰۰ mg/day sodium. The UDA diet was a regular diet with healthy dietary advice. Anthropometric indices and PPAR-γ gene expression were measured and compared between the two groups at the end of the study.RESULTS: After the intervention, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) significantly decreased in the DASH group (P < ۰.۰۵۰) but the results showed no significant differences between the two groups. At the end of the trial, PPAR-γ gene expression was significantly different between the UDA and the DASH diet groups (P = ۰.۰۴۰) and this difference remained significant after adjustment for BMI, and physical activity (P = ۰.۰۳۰).CONCLUSION: The result of the study showed that the DASH diet significantly decreased the expression of PPAR-γ. This finding was unexpected and future studies on the current topic are therefore recommended.

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma, DASH Diet, Gene Expression