Forough Goodarzi - Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Masoumeh Hallajzadeh - Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Mohammad Sholeh - Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Malihe Talebi - Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Vahid Pirhajati Mahabadi - Neuroscience Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Nour Amirmozafari - Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Background & Objective: This study aims to isolate a lytic bacteriophage against planktonic Enterococcus faecalis V۵۸۳ culture and evaluate its ability to disrupt and inhibit biofilm.Methods: An anti-E. faecalis phage was isolated from sewage and visualized by electron microscopy, the vB_EfsS_V۵۸۳ (V۵۸۳) host range was determined by spot test on ۱۳ E. faecalis clinical strains. Inhibition and degradation experiments were designed to investigate the effect of phage on biofilm. In the inhibition and degradation assay, biofilms were formed in the presence and absence of phage, respectively. Finally, crystal violet method tested the effect of phage on biofilm.Results: Phage V۵۸۳ belongs to the Siphoviridae family and can infect all E. faecalis strains. Antibacterial activity has been shown to degrade and inhibit biofilm produced by V۵۸۳. The study results showed that phage v۵۸۳ is more efficient in biofilm inhibition than biofilm degradation. In both assays, phage-treated wells' absorption is less than untreated wells. These results were confirmed by Colony-forming unit reduction in the treated biofilm.Conclusion: The anti-biofilm activity showed that phage therapy using phage V۵۸۳ might be an alternative tool to remove E. faecalis biofilms.

Bacteriophages, Biofilms, Enterococcus faecalis, PCR, Phage therapy, Vancomycin Resistance