Fateme Zare Khormizi - Yazd university

Acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) is a type of cancer that causes a decrease inall three types of blood cells and often affects children under ۱۵ years of age.ALL is divided into two categories: T_ALL and B_ALL. Genes involved inthe disease can be divided into several categories:۱. Tumor suppressors like P۵۳, PTPN۱۱ In which loss of mutations occurs inthem.۲. Oncogenes like Ras, TAL۱, C_myc, that most of the proteins involved inthe signaling pathway associated with cell growth and cell death,proliferation, and survival, have been found to contain gain of functionmutations.۳. Epigenetic regulators such as members of the histone methyltransferasefamily also develop inactivating mutations in ALL.۴. Transcription factors such as ETV۶ and PAX۵ are also mutated in severalpatients with ALL.۵. Genes that repair cell cycle, repair and maintain genome integrity, such asATM, also cause genomic instability if they mutate, paving the way for moremutations.۶. The last group of genes that can cause acute lymphoid leukemia ifmutated, Genes are the factors of genesis in which mutations have beenobserved with low frequency in patients.One of the genetic markers of acute lymphoid leukemia is the occurrence oftranslocation, which is caused by hybrid genes. These genes encode fusionproteins that have increased activity or high expression and production, likeBCR_ABL, RUNX۱_ETV۶, KUT۲A_AFF۱. It should be noted that all thesegenes are involved in the main messaging paths such as RAS/ MAPK, WNT,JAK/STAT.

acute lymphoid leukemia, Tumor suppressors