Effect of cigarette smoking on semen parameters and DNA fragmentation: A review

Introduction: It has been reported that, approximately %۲۴.۱ of men in reproductive age are cigarette smoker in Iran. Previous studies showed that more than ۴,۰۰۰ chemicals were funded in cigarettes, which many of them are toxic and about ۴۰ percent of them are carcinogenic. These chemical toxins can potentially affect sperm development and function resulted in infertility outcomes. Moreover, it has been revealed that, cigarette smoking has negative effect on sperm parameters which is correlated with dose of toxins. DNA fragmentation is an important factor for sperm development which is associated with abnormal morphology. Many studies suggested that, DNA fragmentation could be occurred as a result of reactive oxygen species following the accumulation of cigarettes toxins. Considering poor semen analysis of cigarette smoking the aim of this study was to evolution of pregnancy rate in this patients following assistant reproductive technique. Therefore, it is important to study the factors affecting male fertility.Methods: For evaluation of cigarettes smoking on sperm parameters, embryonic development and fertility and pregnancy rate we searched and reviewed the current literature up to September ۲۰۱۸. We used combinations of medical subject headings “smoking, cigarette, sperm, semen analysis, fertility, pregnancy, complications, and conception”. Only English-language articles were selected, and the search was restricted to published articles. Review articles were included.Results: A review of the epidemiological literature suggested that cigarette smoking is associated with modest reductions in semen quality including sperm Viability, concentration, motility and morphology. In addition, reduced fertilization capacity, embryo development and lower implantation rates were established in cigarettes smoking. However this negative effect of cigarette on semen parameters acts in dose and time dependent manner.Conclusion: Spermatogenesis and sperm quality including; concentration, motility, morphology, and DNA fragmentation are affected by toxic chemical during smoking. Since the cigarette smoking have many negative effects on fertility potential, therefore stopping of cigarette smoking would give opportunity to infertile couples for childbearing in reproductive age.

Keywords:

Cigarette Smoking , Semen Parameters , DNA Fragmentation