Newly Released Advances in the Molecular Mechanisms of Osseous Metastasis and Potential Therapeutic Strategies

The appearance of bone metastases (BM) in individuals with advanced solid cancers (breast, prostate, lung) often worsens their quality of life and prognosis. Although none have been fully effective, several strategies have been used to combat BM. Hence, the need for new data that could be useful for treating bone metastasis. To this end, we reviewed the recent literature on the subject. About patients with prostate cancer, treatments with PIP۵K۱α inhibitors have been found to inhibit tumor invasion and metastasis, and G protein-coupled receptor class C group ۵ member A (GPRC۵A) could be a future therapeutic target. Regarding patients with breast cancer, we found the following: Asperolide A could be another curative drug; targeting transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathways, along with osteoclast activity, could be a favorable therapeutic approach in the preclusion of osteolytic bone destruction; TRAF۶ inhibitors such as ۶۸۷۷۰۰۲ appear promising; aiming the BMP۴-SMAD۷ signaling axis is an innovative therapeutic approach; there is favorable proof for the plausible therapeutic utilization of bone aiming immunostimulatory MOF (BT-isMOF) nanoparticles, and inhibition of IL۴R and macrophages could have therapeutic benefits. For lung cancer, the function of LIGHT in osteolytic osseous illness instigated by metastatic non-small cell lung cancer should be highlighted. Level of evidence: III

Keywords:

Breast Cancer , Bone , Lung cancer , Metastasis , Prostate cancer