S. Syafrudin - Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
J.M. Masjhoer - Environmental Science Doctoral Program, School of Postgraduate Studies, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
M. Maryono - Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Population growth and economic activity in rural areas are factors driving the waste generation rate. Rural waste management generally still applies conventional patterns and has the potential to damage the environment and threaten human health. Challenges and remedial measures for solid waste management in rural areas differ from urban ones. The first step in planning a waste management system is to identify the generation and characteristics of waste. Unfortunately, data on waste generation and characteristics in rural areas in developing countries are still minimal. The problems are mainly caused by the development of the tourism industry, and it certainly requires waste management as the solution. However, due to the unavailability of waste generation data, this study aims to measure and analyze waste characteristics in the southern zone of Gunungkidul Regency.METHODS: Primary data collection was taken from ۱۶ randomly selected villages in six sub-districts in Gunungkidul Regency. A door-to-door survey was carried to ۱۱۰ residential and ۱۶۰ non-residential samples for eight consecutive days using the Indonesian National Standard ۱۹-۳۹۶۴-۱۹۹۴ method. The processed data were analyzed using a quantitative descriptive method.FINDINGS: The results showed that the average waste generation was ۰.۲۹ kilograms per person per day. It shows that the waste generation in the study area is categorized in small-town classification. ۷۵ percent of solid waste generated is food waste and leaves. Meanwhile, paper, plastic, glass, wood, other materials, and fabrics were calculated at ۱۱.۸ percent, ۱۰.۱ percent, ۱.۷ percent, ۰.۵ percent, ۰.۵ percent, and ۰.۴ percent respectively. Housing produced less recycled waste as indicated by a high density of ۱۱۰.۶ kilograms per cubic meter. Waste generation and composition are influenced by socioeconomic factors such as economic activity and lifestyle, geographic conditions, and downtown attractiveness.CONCLUSION: The characteristics of the waste produced by the southern zone of Gunungkidul Regency are not much different from most rural areas in developing countries. Rural waste management needs to see organic waste as the main management material. Organic waste processing through composting can be a future solution, but the active role of residents determines its success. In addition, this method can help extend the life of the landfill capacity because the volume of organic waste will be reduced by half.

rural areas, Solid waste, Waste composition, Waste density, Waste generation, Waste management