Hossein Etemadfard - Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
Ali Hamid Imran Huseeni - M.Sc. Student, Civil Engineering Department, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
Rouzbeh Shad - Associate Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
Marjan Ghaemi - Visiting Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran

Flooding is a natural hazard that affects the environment, agricultural services, and human settlements. In Iraq, floods are becoming more intense as a result of uncontrolled urban expansion and negative human activities. This research developed deep learning methods for flood detection based on Sentinel-۲ satellite imagery for a flood event that happened on November ۲۶, ۲۰۱۸ in Al-Kut city, Wasit province, Iraq. A dataset was prepared based on a flood reference map given by SERTIT for the research area and a total of ۱۴۴ samples, both negative and positive. Flooding extends in the study area were detected using Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). The results were compared with Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest (RF). Finally, the overall accuracy (OA), intersection over union (IoU), and F۱-score of flood detection models were evaluated. The results showed that NDWI performed poorly, with OA, IoU, and F۱-scores of ۰.۵۲, ۰.۴۸, and ۰.۵۱, respectively. CNN outperformed the SVM and RF models. According to OA (۰.۹۸۹), IoU (۰.۹۷۹), and F۱-score (۰.۹۸۹), the map was the most accurate.

Flood detection, Deep learning, Sentinel, Wasit province