Predicting loneliness based on perceived parenting style and self-esteem in adolescents: the moderating role of gender

Loneliness is a sad and even painful emotional experience that is thought to be caused by a lack in the quantity or quality of one's social relationships. The aim of the present study was to predict the loneliness based on perceived parenting style and self-esteem in adolescents by moderating the role of gender. The research population included all male and female students of ۱۲-۱۷ years of age studying in the academic year of ۱۴۰۰-۱۴۰۱ in Tehran, and ۲۵۰ of these students responded to the online questionnaire related to the research. The method of the current research was step-by-step multivariate regression correlation, and in order to collect data, Asher and Wheeler's loneliness questionnaire (۱۹۸۵), Rosenberg's self-esteem questionnaire (۱۹۶۵) and Bury's parenting questionnaire (۱۹۹۲) were used. The obtained results showed that there is an inverse relationship between permissive and authoritative parenting styles with feelings of loneliness and a direct relationship between authoritarian parenting styles and feelings of loneliness, and no significant relationship was seen between self-esteem and feelings of loneliness. Authoritative parenting style was able to predict the feeling of loneliness in the whole sample and by gender, and the amount of predicting the feeling of loneliness based on the authoritative parenting style was seen more in the group of girls than in boys. According to the findings, it can be said that authoritative parenting style can reduce the feeling of loneliness of teenagers and it is necessary to take these results into consideration in training for parents and clinical counselors.

Keywords:

Perceived parenting style , loneliness , Self-esteem , adolescents , Gender