Various Types of Nanocomposite Based Natural Products (Phaseolus Calcaratus, Allium Sativum, and Lens Culinaris) as Active Catalysts for the Removal of Inorganic Water Pollutants in simulated and Real Polluted Waters (Seymare River) without any Co-process Based Response Surface Methodology Study

The use of plant extracts to prepare metal-oxide nanostructures according to emphasis on the use of natural compounds as cage-surfactant to produce particles with optimal size morphology is taken remarkable. Also, it showed that plant wastes could serve as an economical and practical choice for the adsorption removal of heavy metals, dyes, and phenolic compounds in wastewater samples. We have decided here to prepare ZnO and Fe۳O۴ nanocomposites coated with Red Kidney Bean extract (RKBE), Garlic extract (GE), and Lentil extract (LE) by the chemical synthesis process. The prepared metal oxide nanocomposites were characterized by XRD (X-ray Diffraction), FT-IR (Fourier transformation infra-red spectra), AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy), particle size, and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). Particle size results show that the Particle-size of ZnO and Fe۳O۴ nanocomposites decreased when plant extracts were used as surfactants in the synthesis process. Also, according to AAS results, the Zinc sites of GE and Iron sites of RKBE and LE were successfully extracted into ZnO and Fe۳O۴, respectively. Due to the special properties of these nanocomposites, we decided that these applied in the adsorption removal process on the model (water solutions containing water samples containing Cr+۳, Hg+۲, and Pb+۲ ions) and real (Seymare River water sample) unclean water samples by Response Surface Methodology. The adsorption removal process showed that the metal oxides-based plant extracts nanocomposites have suitable catalytic activity for the adsorption of the toxic heavy metals in the unclean water samples. However, Fe۳O۴-RKBE and Fe۳O۴-LE have high catalytic activity compared to Fe۳O۴-GE, ZnO-RKBE, ZnO-GE, and ZnO-LE.

Keywords:

Zinc , Iron , Phaseolus Calcaratus , Allium Sativum , Lens Culinaris , Wastewater , Seymare River , Removal Heavy Metals , Response Surface Methodology