Mojtaba Hajipour - Department of Nutrition Sciences, Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,
Atefeh Sarafan Sadeghi - Department of Food Hygiene and Aquaculture, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad,Mashhad, Iran,

Nephropathy is a worldwide health problem, with a high recidivism rate after removal of the stone. Given themorbidity associated with kidney stones and the lack of knowledge, a thorough review of recent studies is criticallyimportant. The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of caffeine on increased urolithiasis in children.Material and MethodsTo accomplish this narrative review, we searched ۴ Databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and google scholar)based on the search strategy from ۲۰۱۰ to ۲۰۲۲ with the high sensitivity on September ۲۰۲۲ by following MeSHkeywords: " pediatric ", " kidney stone ", " nephrolithiasis ", " urolithiasis ", " coffee ", " caffeine ".FindingsIn addition to the diuretic effect of caffeine, it increases urine excretion of calcium, sodium and magnesium whenconsumed ۳۰۰-۳۶۰ mg (approximately four cups of coffee). This beverage along with other coffee components couldhave a protective effect against urological lithiasis formation. Consuming caffeine can slightly increase the risk offormation of calcium oxalate stones. Furthermore, tea has many protective effects against stone formation in children,due to the water supply that accompanies it, the action of caffeine, and components with antioxidant properties.ConclusionCaffeine has a hypercalciuric impact, partially balanced by a diuretic impact that appears after consumption of highamounts of caffeine. Based our dates, There is no evidence that moderate coffee consumption increases the risk ofstone formation in healthy people, as long as the recommended daily consumption of liquids is maintained.

pediatric, kidney stone, nephrolithiasis, urolithiasis, coffee, caffeine