Elham Mohebbi - Regional Knowledge Hub, and WHO Collaborating Centre for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
Roya Nikbakht - Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
Ali Akbar Haghdoost - Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
Mahshid Salemianpour - Health Services Management Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
Azam Rastegari - Medical Informatics Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
Zahra Zolala - Shahid-Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran
Shahrzad Motaghipisheh - Medical Informatics Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
Mohammad Reza Baneshi - Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran

Background: The prevalence of alcohol consumption in Iran cannot be estimated because large variations have been observed in the reported prevalences of alcohol consumption. The main aim of this study was to assess the methodological challenges in estimation of the life time prevalence of alcohol consumed in Iran. By the same token we provided a standard approach for future researches in this regard. Methods: Published articles were reviewed systematically. Using the risk of bias tool, ۴۹ out of ۶۰۰ articles met the eligibility criteria. Based on the population of alcohol consumers, the included studies were categorized into ۵ groups: general populations, patients, school students, university students, and specific population (first relatives of opium addicts and women who were faced with epistemic violence). Results: There was a paucity of reliable information in about ۴۰% of provinces. Almost all studies applied the direct size estimation methods, but ۱۱ studies used face to face interview and ۳۸ studies used self-administered questionnaires. The non-response bias seemed prominent in entire studies except those on school students. It is important to mention that ۹۷% of papers in general population did not represent any information about the non-response rate. The reported prevalence ranged from ۱.۳۷% in university students to ۸۸.۸% in patient population. Even among university students, the prevalence varied considerably (۱.۳۷% to ۳۴.۷%). Conclusion: The observed huge variations in the reported prevalence of alcohol consumption, due to the methodological consideration, appear largely in Iran. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a standard protocol for data collection and sampling to harmonize the findings in future studies. In addition, it is recommended to assess the frequency of alcohol use by indirect methods such as the Network Scale Up method.

alcohol drinking, Iran, Prevalence, Systematic review