Mohammad Mehdi Rakebi - Urology Department, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
Abdolreza Mohammadi - Ebnesina Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Alimohammad Fakhr Yasseri - Shariati Hospital, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Alborz, Iran
Mahin Ahmadi Pishkuhi - Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Pars Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Seyed Farzad Maroufi - Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Fateme Guitynavard - Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Introduction: This study aims to evaluate Under Vision Total Tubeless PCNL (TT-PCNL) as a novel technique in reducing surgeon exposure to X-rays compared to the standard Total Tubeless PCNL. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) has been widely welcomed as a less-invasive medication for kidney stones. However, because it is usually performed using fluoroscopy, the endourologist is at risk of chronic X-ray exposure.Methods: The number of ۷۶ consecutive patients who were candidates for PCNL surgery was randomized into two groups: ۳۸ patients experienced TT-PCNL, and ۳۸ patients underwent Under Vision TT-PCNL. The results were compared with fluoroscopy time and surgeon satisfaction.Results: The fluoroscopy time in the Under Vision TT-PCNL group was lower than in the Total Tubeless PCNL group (۰.۰۲). Surgeon satisfaction was higher in the Under Vision Total Tubeless PCNL group than in the TT-PCNL group (P-value=۰.۰۰۱). The mean total duration of surgery in the TT-PCNL under the Vision group was lower than the Total Tubeless PCNL group (P-value=۰.۰۴). There was no significant difference between the two groups' complications.Conclusion: The Under Vision TT-PCNL is compared to the normal PCNL in safety and effectiveness, but also it can significantly reduce the use of a fluoroscope. Moreover, surgeon satisfaction is better compared to the standard technique.

Renal stone, PCNL, Fluoroscopy, Under Vision, Stone Free Rate, Kidney Stones