A study and analysis of different types of solar cells based on the time of their appearance and their role in the stability of buildings

A solar cell (also known as a photovoltaic cell or PV cell) is defined as an electrical device that converts light energy into electrical energy through the photovoltaic effect. A solar cell is basically a p-n junction diode. Solar cells are a form of photoelectric cell, defined as a device whose electrical characteristics – such as current, voltage, or resistance – vary when exposed to light. Individual solar cells can be combined to form modules commonly known as solar panels. The common single junction silicon solar cell can produce a maximum open-circuit voltage of approximately ۰.۵ to ۰.۶ volts. By itself this isn’t much – but remember these solar cells are tiny. When combined into a large solar panel, considerable amounts of renewable energy can be generated. The growth of global energy consumption in the last century, and with it the increase in greenhouse gas emissions, has been accompanied by more and more environmental pollution and irreparable damage to vital resources. In order to reduce the global reliance on finite natural resources and environmentally harmful fuels, many scientific efforts have been made to reduce the cost of producing energy from renewable sources. For example, the attempt to generate electrical energy using sunlight has been made using the inherent property of semiconductors. The first semiconductor-based solar cells with efficiencies of more than ۱۰% were built in the ۱۹۵۰s and ۱۹۶۰s. Currently, ۸۵ to ۹۰% of solar photovoltaic components worldwide are made on the basis of thin silicon crystal tablets. Today, the use of semiconductors has revolutionized the optical and electronics industries. In this article, we have tried to introduce solar energy as one of the new and valuable energies and while introducing the photovoltaic phenomenon, the solar cell is introduced as a tool to benefit from this gift. Then, different types of solar cells have been briefly introduced based on the time of their creation.

Keywords:

Renewable energy , solar energy , solar cell , photovoltaic , solar panel