Title of paper: Preeclampsia and body physiology changes during pregnancy

During pregnancy, the pregnant mother undergoes significant anatomical and physiological changes in order to nurture and adapt to the growing fetus. These changes begin after conception and affect all body systems. For most women who experience an uncomplicated pregnancy, these changes resolve after pregnancy with minimal residual effects. Understanding the normal physiological changes that occur in pregnancy is very important because it helps distinguish from abnormal adaptations. Plasma volume increases gradually during normal pregnancy. Most of this ۵۰% increase occurs at ۳۴ weeks of pregnancy and is proportional to the baby's birth weight. Since the increase in plasma volume is greater than the increase in the mass of red blood cells, the concentration of hemoglobin, hematocrit and the number of red blood cells decrease. Despite this hemodilution, there is usually no change in mean cell volume or mean cell hemoglobin concentration.Preeclampsia is a disease whose characteristics and symptoms related to this disorder have not changed over ۱۵۰ years. Although our understanding of the pathophysiology of preeclampsia has advanced significantly since then, there is still little agreement on the true cause of preeclampsia. which affects about ۵ to ۸ percent of pregnant women. Dysfunction in preeclampsia is not completely clear. Despite the lack of consistent evidence, expert consensus supports the hypothesis that preeclampsia is a primary placental disorder. However, there is now emerging evidence that maternal cardiovascular disease can lead to uterine hypoperfusion, most likely the cause of placental dysfunction secondary to preeclampsia. Preeclampsia and cardiovascular disease are the same risk factors. have, for the development of pre-eclampsia, a mother with a history of cardiovascular disease is the strongest risk factor (chronic blood pressure, congenital heart disease) and currently there are many data from echo mothers. Studies of angiogenesis markers and cardiography show that cardiovascular dysfunction occurs several weeks or months before the development of preeclampsia. Most importantly, cardiovascular signs and symptoms (blood pressure, cerebral edema, cardiac dysfunction) in Preeclampsia predominates in clinical manifestations and continues until the postpartum period with a ۳۰% risk of chronic hypertension in the decade after birth. Placental perfusion caused by maternal cardiovascular dysfunction may lead to preeclampsia, as a result of the predominance of drugs. Cardiovascular (aspirin, calcium, statins, metformin, and antihypertensive drugs) are useful in preeclampsia prevention strategies. Identifying the occurrence of this disorder and its risk factors in different regions can be useful in diagnosis, treatment and prevention of its complications.

Keywords:

Physiology of pregnancy , cardiovascular function , preeclampsia , spiral artery