Motahareh Dargahi - School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
Niloufar Taheri - School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
Zahra-sadat Mousavi - Student Research Committee, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahroud University of ۲ Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
Maede Jafari - Student Research Committee, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahroud University of ۲ Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
Reza Jafari - School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran

Commonly macrophages are categorized into M۱ and M۲ subsets. M۱ macrophages are defined as inflammatory cells and may contribute to tissue injury, while, M۲ macrophages play a central role in tissue remodeling and control of immune responses. It seems that the existence of these cells in graft location is effective for control of inflammation and improvement of transplantation consequences. Although the relative contribution of M۲ cells in organ transplantation is not clear, the accumulation of these cells in acute and chronic injury models of transplantation was shown. In some cases, the depletion of M۲ cells leads to the amelioration of disease; however in other causes, skewing the response in M۲ cells leads to an augmentation of graft fibrosis and worsening of graft condition. In spite of these findings, the benefits of such strategies and their implications in human disease are not clearly understood. The purpose of this mini-review is to highlight the role of alternatively activated M۲-type macrophages in the improvement or reduction of the kidney transplantation outcome.

M۲ macrophages; Fibrosis; kidney; Graft rejection