A New Platform Based on the Fe۳O۴ Nanoparticles, Ligand and Ionic Liquid: Application to the Sensitive Electrochemical Determination of the Lead Ion in Water and Fish Samples

In the present paper, the use of a modified electrochemical sensor for the determination of Pb۲+ is described. The sensor is based on a carbon paste electrode modified with Nitro benzoil diphenyl methylene phosphorane, N-octylpyridiumhexafluorophosphate (OPPF۶) and Fe۳O۴ nanoparticles. In this work, the oxidation of lead at the modified electrodes were investigated by square wave voltammetry (SWV). The structure of the nanoparticle was investigated by X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy dispersive X-ray spectrum. The effective parameters on response of the electrode such as effect of the electrode composition, pH of solution, deposition potential and accumulation time and also instrumental SWV method were studied. In optimum conditions, the Anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) was used for the determination of Pb۲+. It is found that the calibration graphs of Pb۲+ are linear in the concentration ranges from ۱.۲۰–۱۲۰ nM. The detection limit of the method was ۰.۹ nM. The sensor was applied to validate its capability for the analysis of Pb۲+ in the water and fish samples.

Keywords:

Voltammetric determination , Lead ion , Modified electrode , anodic stripping voltammetry , Fe۳O۴ nanoparticle , Ionic Liquid