Geeta Velhal - Jain University, Bangalore
Avani Pujara - Department of Electrical Engineering, Jain University, Bangalore, India
V Muralidhara - Department of Electrical Engineering, Jain University, Bangalore, India
Shashikant Bakre - Department of Electrical Engineering, Maharashtra State Transmission Company Ltd., Mumbai, India
Vaishali Velhal - Department of Electrical Engineering, Sinhgadh College, Pune, India

In the modern electrical grid, accuracy and speed of fault clearance are the major challenges which need to be addressed. This paper covers a case study of fault location techniques in Electrical Transmission and Distribution  network, using Numeric Relay and Offline Fault Locator. Healthiness of electrical transmission line is ensured using Line Signature Analyzer. Comparative study of online and offline fault location in  electrical transmission and distribution network has been carried out  and the inferences are drawn. Frequency of occurrence of Single Line to Ground fault is maximum (about ۷۵%) among various types of faults. Data at ۲۲۰ kV and ۱۳۲ kV substations has been collected and analyzed, keeping focus on Single Line to Ground  Fault.Architecture of Substation Automation system (SAS) using single communication technology based on IEC ۶۱۸۵۰-۸ and IEC ۶۱۸۵۰-۹ is explained. Proposed architecture consisting of numeric meter with JAVA Compilation Unit (JCU) and Ethernet switch standardized as per IEC ۶۱۸۵۰ is demonstrated. The Java source code to send indications to output port of Numeric Meter is included.

Single Line to Ground (۱L-G) Fault, Numeric Relay, Line Signature Analyzer, Smart Meter, Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI), smart grid, Fault Locator, IEC-۶۱۸۵۰, Substation Automation system (SAS), JCU