Investigating the function of the central courtyard as a climatic element in providing comfort in the traditional architecture of hot and dry climate houses

One of the factors affecting human comfort and health is the climatic conditions that have been tangible from the distant past due to its connection with nature and its dependence on the surrounding environment. This connection can be seen through several elements in the native Iranian architecture. Attention to climatic design has led to the creation of better conditions for the life of the inhabitants, which was possible through some elements and spaces in the native Iranian architecture. The central courtyard is one of the remnants of ancient Iranian houses that existed in many parts of Iran, and has made comfort to a great extent possible.Natural elements such as water (pond and fountain), plants, wind, light and shade in open spaces such as yards are of special visual importance and increase in relative humidity, which acted as a natural cooling system. The yard in the Iranian house in terms of natural ventilation and microclimate creation, has improved the thermal performance and is an integral part of traditional houses, which is formed in the formation of living spaces in different climates, especially at home. The traditional methods of central regions of Iran are common and its efficiency is clearly understood.This important climatic element, while creating a spatial organization, has been effective in creating peace and providing climatic comfort for the residents. The purpose of building the central courtyard was not just a decorative element, but the Iranian architect has used it with regard to the approach of sustainability and meeting the needs and solving climate problems. In addition to the climatic role of the courtyard as a possession area, unifying and connecting several spaces, they are also considered to create a green and cheerful environment. Buildings account for the largest share of energy consumption. Therefore, designers, like traditional architects, choose traditional methods to provide the desired thermal comfort.

Keywords:

central courtyard , indigenous architecture , microclimate , outdoor