Behnam Derakhshani - Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz ۵۱۶۶۶, Iran
Seyed Abolghasem Mohammadi - Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz ۵۱۶۶۶, Iran. ۲Center of Excellence in Cereal Molecular Breeding, University of Tabriz, Tabriz ۵۱۶۶۶, Iran
Mohammad Moghaddam - ۱Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz ۵۱۶۶۶, Iran ۲Center of Excellence in Cereal Molecular Breeding, University of Tabriz, Tabriz ۵۱۶۶۶, Iran
Mohammad Reza Jalal Kamali - CIMMYT (International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center), Shahid Fahmideh Blvd., Karaj ۳۱۵۸۵, Iran

Wheat is a crop with spring and winter types and wide adaptability to different climate conditions. The wide adaptability of wheat is mainly controlled by three groups of genetic factors and among them vernalization (VRN) genes play pivotal role in determining spring and winter types. In this study, ۳۹۵ Iranian wheat landraces were characterized with specific primer pairs designed based on VRN-۱ promoter and intron regions. Using the specific primers for Vrn-A۱c allele, two fragments were amplified in ۳۵ genotypes. Based on MADS-Box and promoter regions of VRN-۱ gene specific primers, two new fragments were amplified in Iranian wheat landraces which has not been reported previously. Vrn-A۱b allele determining spring habit was the most frequent allele, whereas Vrn-A۱c showed less frequency. Frequency of dominant allele Vrn-A۱b, in winter genotypes was higher than that of spring type. It supports the presence of other regulatory sites outside of the VRN promoter region.

Earliness per se genes, Landraces, Photoperiod, Spring and winter growth habit