J. Singh - Dr. SSB UICET, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
R. Kumar - Department of Mechanical Engineering, UIET, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
H. Kumar - Department of Mechanical Engineering, UIET, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
M. Gupta - Department of Mechanical Engineering, GJUST, Hissar, Haryana, India

In this paper, the effects of weight concentration of nanoparticles and temperature on the viscosity of water-based copper oxide nanofluids have been studied experimentally using analysis of variance (ANOVA)-based two-factor three-level (۲۳) factorial design. The results show that a maximum increase of ۲۳.۱۲% in viscosity is observed at ۳۰°C temperature as the weight concentration of nanoparticles increases from ۰.۰۳ to ۰.۳wt.%. Whereas the temperature increases from ۳۰ to ۶۰°C, the viscosity decreases up to ۴۶.۱۹% in the case of ۰.۳wt.% nanofluid. Temperature is found to be more dominant than the concentration of nanoparticles. The optimum value of viscosity (۰.۵۱۳ mPa.s) is found at concentrations of ۰.۱wt.% and ۶۰°C temperature with an ۱۸.۷۲% enhancement in viscosity as compared to the base fluid. The experimental and model values of viscosity have been compared with the predictions of the proposed equation for viscosity. The experimentally measured results are found near the proposed results whereas the model underestimates the viscosity in the case of all nanofluids. The maximum underestimation of ۲۵.۹۲ % was observed in the case of ۰.۳wt.% nanofluid at ۶۰°C temperature.

Viscosity, Temperature, Nanofluid, Analysis of variance, concentration, Contour and surface plots