Farnam Jamal Mohammadi - Department of microbiology, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Due to the abundant use of non-recyclable materials and climate change, the growth of numerous bacteriain waste has increased. Ideonella sakaiensis is known as one of the bacteria found in plastic waste, whosegrowth is increasing due to rising temperatures and excessive consumption of plastic materials in dailylife. Research shows that the mentioned bacterium is able to decompose plastic materials in nature byproducing special enzymes. The purpose of this review is to investigate more closely the characteristics,metabolic cycle, and enzymes produced by this bacterium. In other words, in this study, the biochemicalcharacteristics of bacteria were investigated in terms of the type of culture medium and growth factors,the type of enzymes, and the power of decomposition of plastic materials calculated through formulas andarguments of mathematics, physics, and chemistry. Research shows that Ideonella sakaiensis is abacterium with an almost useful metabolic process and high activity in the production of plasticdegradingenzymes, which can maintain its enzyme activity for up to ۱۰۰ days at ۳۰°C (even after thebacteria are damaged).Today, one of the serious problems that have attracted the attention of researchers is the removal ofmicroplastics from drinking water. One of the suggestions made to prevent this problem is the use ofIdeonella sakaiensis bacteria during detailed biosafety investigations. Because most of the microplasticsare PET, which is converted to bis (۲-hydroxyethyl) terephthalic acid (BHET) or mono (۲-hydroxyethyl)terephthalic acid (MHET) and terephthalic acid (TPA) with the enzyme PETase produced by thisbacterium becomes. Research shows that the efficiency of the enzyme PETase can increase up to ۱۲۰times in favorable conditions (temperature ۳۰ degrees Celsius and pH equal to ۷). It is noteworthy that insome countries, with the help of biotechnology and spending a lot of money, the gene of the mentionedbacteria has been used to make this enzyme, but it has not been widely used so far. One of the advantagesof this enzyme is its favorable performance in the production of MHET, which can be easily decomposedwith the help of another enzyme. But one of the disadvantages of this process is the production of BHET,which has not been considered in many articles. Because frequent contact with it may cause harm tohumans, which is one of the disadvantages of using the mentioned bacteria. Of course, the production ofBHET is of interest to chemists, and in order to use it in their research, they are looking for different waysto produce this substance from PET. Therefore, it can be concluded that if the disadvantages of using theenzyme PETase (due to the production of BHET) are eliminated, the bacterium Ideonella sakaiensisis asuitable option for bioremediation

Ideonella sakaiensis, Bioremediation, PETase, Microplastic