Elene Asanidze - Department of Medical Faculty of Teaching University Geomedi, Tbilisi, Georgia.
Jenaro Kristesashvili - Department of Medical Faculty of Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia.
Nino Parunashvili - University of Toronto, Faculty of Medicine, Physician Assistant Program, Toronto, Canada.
Manana Urjumelashvili - Department of Medical Faculty of Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia.
Zurab Tsetskhladze - Teaching University Geomedi, Tbilisi, Georgia.
Aleksandre Asanidze - Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia.

Background: One of the reproductive medicine challenges is to determine the role of hyperhomocysteinemia in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), especially in women with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Objective: Determine the correlation between hyperhomocysteinemia and pregnancy outcome in women with PCOS. Material and Methods: This case-control study involved ۲۴۵ women (۲۰-۳۰ yr) and was conducted in Georgia, Tbilisi from ۲۰۱۹-۲۰۲۲. Of these, ۱۷۵ were women with PCOS (study group) and ۷۰ were healthy women (control group). Women with PCOS were divided into- group I with RPL (n = ۹۰), and group II with live births (n = ۸۵). Group I was divided into subgroups A and B with and without insulin resistance. The investigation measured homocysteine (Hcy), follicle-stimulating, luteinizing, anti-Mullerian hormones, total and free testosterone were determined. To determine the ovarian volume and antral follicle count, participants also underwent an ultrasound examination. Results: In women with PCOS, the average Hcy level was significantly higher than in the controls, p < ۰.۰۵. In group I, the average Hcy level was significantly higher than in group II and controls, p < ۰.۰۵. There was no significant difference in average Hcy level between group II and controls. The average Hcy level in group I, subgroup A was significantly higher than in subgroup B, p < ۰.۰۵. The average total, free testosterone levels, and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance levels (HOMA-IR) in group I was significantly higher than in group II and controls. HOMA-IR in group II and controls did not differ significantly. The average anti-Mullerian hormone levels in women with PCOS were significantly higher than controls, p < ۰.۰۵. No significant difference was observed in average anti-Mullerian hormone level, ovarian volume, antral follicle count, and body mass index between the comparison groups of PCOS. In group I, a positive correlation between Hcy with HOMA-IR was detected. Conclusion: Serum Hcy levels are elevated in women with PCOS and RPL, which correlates with their insulin resistance status.

Polycystic ovary syndrome, Hyperhomocysteinemia, Recurrent abortion, Insulin resistance., سندرم تخمدان پلی کیستیک, هیپرهموسیستئینمی, سقط مکرر, مقاومت به انسولین.